{
 "schema_version": 1,
 "metric_id": "A10",
 "name": "Unit labour costs (nominal, index)",
 "domain": "A",
 "tier": "v1",
 "grade": "A",
 "frequency": "A",
 "harmonized_international": true,
 "caveats": "Unit labour costs rise for several reasons — read next to wage growth and productivity (A6), never alone. All scoreboard figures are provisional and revised up to three years back.",
 "methodology_notes": "Verified 9 Jul 2026: 85981ENG (macroeconomic scoreboard, NL-only, 2006+). Primary NominalUnitLabourCostsIndex_8 (2010 = 100); companion NomUnitLabCostsChangeOn3YearPrev_7 is the official MIP indicator (% over 3 years). Annual rows are four-quarter rolling averages (Q4 = annual by construction); annual slice via substringof('JJ',Periods).",
 "owner_review_required": false,
 "sources": [
  {
   "org": "CBS",
   "dataset_code": "85981ENG",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (CBS)"
  }
 ],
 "breaks": [],
 "primary": {
  "key": "CBS|85981ENG|NL|%|topic=NominalUnitLabourCostsIndex_8",
  "dataset_code": "85981ENG",
  "source_org": "CBS",
  "unit_code": "%",
  "unit_label": "%",
  "dimensions": {
   "topic": "NominalUnitLabourCostsIndex_8"
  },
  "frequency": "A",
  "points": [
   {
    "period": "2006",
    "value": 91.1
   },
   {
    "period": "2007",
    "value": 92.8
   },
   {
    "period": "2008",
    "value": 96.1
   },
   {
    "period": "2009",
    "value": 101.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2010",
    "value": 100.0
   },
   {
    "period": "2011",
    "value": 100.9
   },
   {
    "period": "2012",
    "value": 103.7
   },
   {
    "period": "2013",
    "value": 104.4
   },
   {
    "period": "2014",
    "value": 104.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2015",
    "value": 102.8
   },
   {
    "period": "2016",
    "value": 103.8
   },
   {
    "period": "2017",
    "value": 104.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2018",
    "value": 107.1
   },
   {
    "period": "2019",
    "value": 110.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2020",
    "value": 119.1
   },
   {
    "period": "2021",
    "value": 117.0
   },
   {
    "period": "2022",
    "value": 119.1
   },
   {
    "period": "2023",
    "value": 129.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2024",
    "value": 137.7
   },
   {
    "period": "2025",
    "value": 143.3
   }
  ]
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "key": "CBS|85981ENG|NL|%|topic=NomUnitLabCostsChangeOn3YearPrev_7",
   "dataset_code": "85981ENG",
   "source_org": "CBS",
   "unit_code": "%",
   "unit_label": "%",
   "dimensions": {
    "topic": "NomUnitLabCostsChangeOn3YearPrev_7"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2006",
     "value": -0.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2007",
     "value": 1.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2008",
     "value": 5.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 11.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 7.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 5.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 2.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 4.4
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 3.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": -0.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": -0.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 0.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 4.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 6.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 14.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2021",
     "value": 9.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2022",
     "value": 8.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2023",
     "value": 8.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
     "value": 17.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
     "value": 20.3
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "CBS|85981ENG|NL|%|topic=NominalUnitLabourCostsIndex_8",
   "dataset_code": "85981ENG",
   "source_org": "CBS",
   "unit_code": "%",
   "unit_label": "%",
   "dimensions": {
    "topic": "NominalUnitLabourCostsIndex_8"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2006",
     "value": 91.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2007",
     "value": 92.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2008",
     "value": 96.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 101.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 100.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 100.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 103.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 104.4
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 104.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 102.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 103.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 104.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 107.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 110.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 119.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2021",
     "value": 117.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2022",
     "value": 119.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2023",
     "value": 129.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
     "value": 137.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
     "value": 143.3
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "peers": [],
 "derived": [],
 "trend": {
  "direction": "up",
  "method": "OLS over last 8 annual observations, 5% significance (MBW convention)",
  "window_start": "2018",
  "window_end": "2025",
  "slope_per_year": 5.036905
 },
 "deltas": {
  "y1": 5.6,
  "y5": 24.2,
  "y10": 40.5,
  "latest_period": "2025",
  "latest_value": 143.3
 },
 "revisions": [
  {
   "period": "2024",
   "history": [
    {
     "value": 137.8,
     "retrieved": "2026-07-09"
    },
    {
     "value": 137.7,
     "retrieved": "2026-07-16"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "period": "2025",
   "history": [
    {
     "value": 142.5,
     "retrieved": "2026-07-09"
    },
    {
     "value": 143.3,
     "retrieved": "2026-07-16"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "revisions_since": "2026-07-09",
 "generated_at": "2026-09-04T08:06:55+00:00"
}