{
 "schema_version": 1,
 "metric_id": "C2",
 "name": "Five-year business survival rate",
 "domain": "C",
 "tier": "v1",
 "grade": "B",
 "frequency": "A",
 "harmonized_international": true,
 "caveats": "Cohort semantics: the value for year t is the share of enterprises born in t-5 still alive in t — never read it as contemporaneous with the birth year. Business economy excl. holding companies. Series ends 2020 (Eurostat lag); break 2012 (b-flag). CBS publishes no survival-rate percentages of its own.",
 "methodology_notes": "Verified 9 Jul 2026: bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2 (successor of bd_size_r2, which 404s), indic_sb V97045 (5-year rate), nace_r2 B-N_X_K642, sizeclas TOTAL. NL 2009-2020: 56.4 (2012) -> 61.9 (2020). BE pre-2014 and FI 2011 peer anomalies noted by probe — peers render as-is with flags.",
 "owner_review_required": false,
 "sources": [
  {
   "org": "Eurostat",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat)"
  }
 ],
 "breaks": [
  {
   "period": "2012",
   "note": "Eurostat series break (b-flag) — business-demography method change"
  }
 ],
 "primary": {
  "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|NL|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
  "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
  "source_org": "Eurostat",
  "geography": "NL",
  "dimensions": {
   "indic_sb": "V97045",
   "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
   "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
  },
  "frequency": "A",
  "points": [
   {
    "period": "2009",
    "value": 46.94
   },
   {
    "period": "2010",
    "value": 45.69
   },
   {
    "period": "2011",
    "value": 45.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2012",
    "value": 56.38,
    "status": "b"
   },
   {
    "period": "2013",
    "value": 54.09
   },
   {
    "period": "2014",
    "value": 51.53
   },
   {
    "period": "2015",
    "value": 51.95
   },
   {
    "period": "2016",
    "value": 53.92
   },
   {
    "period": "2017",
    "value": 53.32
   },
   {
    "period": "2018",
    "value": 57.65
   },
   {
    "period": "2019",
    "value": 59.47
   },
   {
    "period": "2020",
    "value": 61.9
   }
  ]
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|NL|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "NL",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 46.94
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 45.69
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 45.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 56.38,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 54.09
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 51.53
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 51.95
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 53.92
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 53.32
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 57.65
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 59.47
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 61.9
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "peers": [
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|AT|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "AT",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 63.15
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 61.62
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 59.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 61.08,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 55.77
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 54.02
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 52.15
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 50.89
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 51.79
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 47.41,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 55.11
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 53.73,
     "status": "p"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|DE|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "DE",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 40.22
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 39.81
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 39.62
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 40.98
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 38.68
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 38.95
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 38.31
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 38.63
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 38.97
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 36.51,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 38.54
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 37.26
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|DK|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "DK",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 41.62
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 42.31
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 43.25
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 42.82
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 42.81
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 45.66
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 36.95
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 34.72
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 36.36
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 37.57
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 38.76
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 39.16
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|FI|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "FI",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 46.69
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 49.58
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 63.54
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 41.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 48.11,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 38.37
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 34.67
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 34.37
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 36.09
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 45.13,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 49.08
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 48.19
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|FR|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "FR",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 51.16
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 51.39
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 51.54
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 52.65
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 52.91,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 43.74,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 44.22,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 48.18,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 49.05
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 50.11,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 48.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 50.82
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|SE|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "SE",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 63.01
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 61.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 61.94
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 62.64
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 59.4
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 56.75
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 58.96
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 60.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 61.42
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 60.84
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 62.29
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 63.26
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|BE|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "BE",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 82.22
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 82.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 84.84
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 61.84
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 63.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 64.41
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 59.85
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 57.51,
     "status": "b"
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 62.39
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 62.5
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2|EU|-|indic_sb=V97045,nace_r2=B-N_X_K642,sizeclas=TOTAL",
   "dataset_code": "bd_9bd_sz_cl_r2",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "EU",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_sb": "V97045",
    "sizeclas": "TOTAL",
    "nace_r2": "B-N_X_K642"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 44.02
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 44.96
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 45.07
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 46.13
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "derived": [],
 "trend": {
  "direction": "up",
  "method": "OLS over last 8 annual observations, 5% significance (MBW convention)",
  "window_start": "2013",
  "window_end": "2020",
  "slope_per_year": 1.319881
 },
 "deltas": {
  "y1": 2.43,
  "y5": 9.95,
  "y10": 16.21,
  "latest_period": "2020",
  "latest_value": 61.9
 },
 "revisions_since": "2026-07-09",
 "generated_at": "2026-09-04T08:06:55+00:00"
}