{
 "schema_version": 1,
 "metric_id": "H9",
 "name": "Employment rate (20–64)",
 "domain": "H",
 "tier": "headline",
 "grade": "A",
 "frequency": "A",
 "harmonized_international": true,
 "caveats": "Counts heads, not hours — NL has the OECD's highest part-time share; pair with hours worked. CBS national definition ≠ ILO definition.",
 "methodology_notes": "Ingested 7 Jul 2026: lfsi_emp_a NL EMP_LFS cells actually start 2009 (the 2003 span seen earlier was the dataset's time dimension, not NL values). Pre-2009 backfill candidates: CBS 6383ART (1950–1996, closed) + OECD LFS — definitions differ, stitch needs break annotations. Hours-worked pairing panel: OECD.ELS.SAE,DSD_HW@DF_AVG_ANN_HRS_WKD,1.0 (NL 1970+, verified).",
 "owner_review_required": false,
 "sources": [
  {
   "org": "Eurostat",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Eurostat)"
  }
 ],
 "breaks": [],
 "primary": {
  "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|NL|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
  "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
  "source_org": "Eurostat",
  "geography": "NL",
  "unit_code": "PC_POP",
  "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
  "dimensions": {
   "indic_em": "EMP_LFS",
   "sex": "T",
   "age": "Y20-64"
  },
  "frequency": "A",
  "points": [
   {
    "period": "2009",
    "value": 77.6
   },
   {
    "period": "2010",
    "value": 77.0
   },
   {
    "period": "2011",
    "value": 77.2
   },
   {
    "period": "2012",
    "value": 77.5
   },
   {
    "period": "2013",
    "value": 76.7
   },
   {
    "period": "2014",
    "value": 76.3
   },
   {
    "period": "2015",
    "value": 77.2
   },
   {
    "period": "2016",
    "value": 77.9
   },
   {
    "period": "2017",
    "value": 78.9
   },
   {
    "period": "2018",
    "value": 80.0
   },
   {
    "period": "2019",
    "value": 81.0
   },
   {
    "period": "2020",
    "value": 80.8
   },
   {
    "period": "2021",
    "value": 81.7
   },
   {
    "period": "2022",
    "value": 82.9
   },
   {
    "period": "2023",
    "value": 83.5
   },
   {
    "period": "2024",
    "value": 83.5
   },
   {
    "period": "2025",
    "value": 83.4
   }
  ]
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|NL|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "NL",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
   "dimensions": {
    "indic_em": "EMP_LFS",
    "sex": "T",
    "age": "Y20-64"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2009",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 77.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 77.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 77.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 76.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 76.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 77.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 77.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 78.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 80.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 81.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 80.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2021",
     "value": 81.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2022",
     "value": 82.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2023",
     "value": 83.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
     "value": 83.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
     "value": 83.4
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "peers": [
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|FR|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "FR",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
   "dimensions": {
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    "sex": "T",
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   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
    {
     "period": "2003",
     "value": 70.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2004",
     "value": 69.9
    },
    {
     "period": "2005",
     "value": 69.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2006",
     "value": 69.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2007",
     "value": 70.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2008",
     "value": 70.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2009",
     "value": 69.8
    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
     "value": 69.6
    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
     "value": 69.5
    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
     "value": 69.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
     "value": 69.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
     "value": 70.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2015",
     "value": 70.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 70.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 71.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 72.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 72.3
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 72.1
    },
    {
     "period": "2021",
     "value": 73.2,
     "status": "d"
    },
    {
     "period": "2022",
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     "status": "d"
    },
    {
     "period": "2023",
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     "status": "d"
    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
     "value": 75.0,
     "status": "bd"
    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
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     "status": "d"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|SE|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "SE",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
   "dimensions": {
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    "sex": "T",
    "age": "Y20-64"
   },
   "frequency": "A",
   "points": [
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     "period": "2005",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2006",
     "value": 78.4
    },
    {
     "period": "2007",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2008",
     "value": 80.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2009",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2010",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2011",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2012",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2013",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2014",
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    {
     "period": "2015",
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    {
     "period": "2016",
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    {
     "period": "2017",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 82.0
    },
    {
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     "value": 81.7
    },
    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 80.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2021",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2022",
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    {
     "period": "2023",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
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    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
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    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|AT|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "AT",
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   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
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   },
   "frequency": "A",
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    {
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    {
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    },
    {
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     "value": 76.2
    },
    {
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    {
     "period": "2020",
     "value": 74.8
    },
    {
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    {
     "period": "2022",
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2025",
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   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|BE|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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   ]
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   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|DE|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
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   "geography": "DE",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2016",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|DK|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "DK",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2011",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2024",
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    {
     "period": "2025",
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   ]
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  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|EU|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "EU",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
   "dimensions": {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2013",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2018",
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2020",
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    {
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    {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2024",
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    {
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   ]
  },
  {
   "key": "Eurostat|lfsi_emp_a|FI|PC_POP|age=Y20-64,indic_em=EMP_LFS,sex=T",
   "dataset_code": "lfsi_emp_a",
   "source_org": "Eurostat",
   "geography": "FI",
   "unit_code": "PC_POP",
   "unit_label": "Percentage of total population",
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    {
     "period": "2010",
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    {
     "period": "2011",
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2013",
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    {
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    {
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    {
     "period": "2016",
     "value": 72.4
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    {
     "period": "2017",
     "value": 73.2
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    {
     "period": "2018",
     "value": 75.3
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    {
     "period": "2019",
     "value": 76.2
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    {
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     "value": 75.5
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    {
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    {
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     "value": 78.4
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    {
     "period": "2023",
     "value": 78.2
    },
    {
     "period": "2024",
     "value": 77.0
    },
    {
     "period": "2025",
     "value": 76.3
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   ]
  }
 ],
 "derived": [],
 "trend": {
  "direction": "up",
  "method": "OLS over last 8 annual observations, 5% significance (MBW convention)",
  "window_start": "2018",
  "window_end": "2025",
  "slope_per_year": 0.542857
 },
 "deltas": {
  "y1": -0.1,
  "y5": 2.6,
  "y10": 6.2,
  "latest_period": "2025",
  "latest_value": 83.4
 },
 "generated_at": "2026-07-07T09:46:03+00:00"
}